模棱两可的神经网络，其隐藏的特征根据G组作用于数据的表示，表现出训练效率和提高的概括性能。在这项工作中，我们将群体不变和模棱两可的表示学习扩展到无监督的深度学习领域。我们根据编码器框架提出了一种通用学习策略，其中潜在表示以不变的术语和模棱两可的组动作组件分开。关键的想法是，网络学会通过学习预测适当的小组操作来对齐输入和输出姿势以解决重建任务的适当组动作来编码和从组不变表示形式进行编码和解码数据。我们在Equivariant编码器上得出必要的条件，并提出了对任何G（离散且连续的）有效的构造。我们明确描述了我们的旋转，翻译和排列的构造。我们在采用不同网络体系结构的各种数据类型的各种实验中测试了方法的有效性和鲁棒性。

最近，在对图形结构数据上应用深度神经网络有很大的成功。然而，大多数工作侧重于节点或图形级监督学习，例如节点，链接或图形分类或节点级无监督学习（例如节点群集）。尽管其应用广泛，但图表级无监督的学习尚未受到很多关注。这可能主要归因于图形的高表示复杂性，可以由n表示！等效邻接矩阵，其中n是节点的数量。在这项工作中，我们通过提出用于图形结构数据的置换不变变化自动码器来解决此问题。我们所提出的模型间接学习以匹配输入和输出图的节点排序，而不施加特定节点排序或执行昂贵的图形匹配。我们展示了我们提出模型对各种图形重建和生成任务的有效性，并评估了下游图形水平分类和回归提取的表示的表现力。

We introduce the "exponential linear unit" (ELU) which speeds up learning in deep neural networks and leads to higher classification accuracies. Like rectified linear units (ReLUs), leaky ReLUs (LReLUs) and parametrized ReLUs (PRe-LUs), ELUs alleviate the vanishing gradient problem via the identity for positive values. However ELUs have improved learning characteristics compared to the units with other activation functions. In contrast to ReLUs, ELUs have negative values which allows them to push mean unit activations closer to zero like batch normalization but with lower computational complexity. Mean shifts toward zero speed up learning by bringing the normal gradient closer to the unit natural gradient because of a reduced bias shift effect. While LReLUs and PReLUs have negative values, too, they do not ensure a noise-robust deactivation state. ELUs saturate to a negative value with smaller inputs and thereby decrease the forward propagated variation and information. Therefore ELUs code the degree of presence of particular phenomena in the input, while they do not quantitatively model the degree of their absence. In experiments, ELUs lead not only to faster learning, but also to significantly better generalization performance than ReLUs and LReLUs on networks with more than 5 layers. On CIFAR-100 ELUs networks significantly outperform ReLU networks with batch normalization while batch normalization does not improve ELU networks. ELU networks are among the top 10 reported CIFAR-10 results and yield the best published result on CIFAR-100, without resorting to multi-view evaluation or model averaging. On ImageNet, ELU networks considerably speed up learning compared to a ReLU network with the same architecture, obtaining less than 10% classification error for a single crop, single model network.